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The processor is the heart of every computer, as its performance determines the true capabilities of your system. Today, the market is primarily dominated by two manufacturers: Intel and AMD. However, with both companies offering extensive processor families, it is easy to lose track of the available options.

It all depends on the application

The wide variety of processors exists because each model is optimized for specific use cases. Some processors are engineered for fast and seamless gaming, while others excel in graphics and video editing. There are also versatile all-rounders, which are ideal for systems primarily used for office applications. Therefore, when selecting a processor, you should always consider your intended use.

Processor development at a glance

The evolution of modern processors began between the 1930s and 1950s, when electromagnetic computers were replaced first by vacuum tube computers and later by transistors. The 1970s marked a breakthrough with the invention of the microprocessor, which integrated all essential functions into a compact chip. This innovation paved the way for increasingly powerful processors. In the 1980s, experts even predicted exponential growth in computing performance. However, in recent years, this growth has slowed significantly, with new processors now offering only single-digit percentage improvements in performance.

The next major leap in processor technology may be just around the corner. Developers are currently exploring carbon-based materials as the foundation for future processors. Once switches, conductors, and transistors can be replaced by carbon nanotubes, the industry expects a significant boost in processing power and efficiency.

Current processor generations at a glance:

• Pentium III and IV
  Intel introduced the Pentium family in 1993 as the successor to the i486 CPU series. The Pentium III, launched in February 1999, featured an integrated SSE unit for faster floating-point operations. Due to its high power consumption, successor models could not fully replace the Pentium III in notebooks. As a result, the Pentium M was developed specifically for mobile devices and was used in laptops from 2003 onwards.
  
  The Pentium 4 debuted in November 2000, introducing a new microarchitecture with a focus on enhanced SSE performance and higher clock frequencies.
• Dual Core
  Dual-core processors, introduced in 2005, feature two cores that can handle separate program requests simultaneously. This architecture allows for significantly improved multitasking and overall system responsiveness.
• Quad Core
  Quad-core processors, released about a year after dual-core models, offer four processing cores. This enables nearly four times the processing speed of single-core CPUs, making them ideal for demanding applications and multitasking environments.
• Core i Series
  Intel launched the Core i series in 2008, and it has been continuously refined ever since. The latest models are based on the Haswell microarchitecture introduced in 2013. The series is divided into i3, i5, and i7 classes, each offering different features and performance levels. The i7 currently represents the high-end segment and is found in premium devices.

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